Willingness to pay for improved quality of services from informal health providers in urban slums in Nigeria

The shortage of formal healthcare providers in urban slums has resulted in the widespread presence of untrained informal healthcare providers (IHPs), who often deliver low-quality services. Integrating these IHPs into the formal healthcare system through capacity-building initiatives could enhance the quality of services offered to clients. However, this may lead to an increase in healthcare costs, which would be passed on to the clients. This paper provides new evidence on the level of households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improved quality of services from IHPs that will be occasioned by linking IHPs to the formal health system.

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Onwujekwe, O., Ezema, G.U., Nwokolo, C. et al. PharmacoEconomics Open (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-025-00597-9