Evaluating the outcomes of a school-based intervention on water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in urban slums of Nigeria: a qualitative evaluation based on implementation research outcome frameworks

Schools play a vital role in promoting healthy behaviours through water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, thereby shaping the minds and habits of young people. Urban slums face significant WASH challenges, exacerbating health risks among school children. School-based interventions -WASH in School (WinS) can improve health, promote good hygiene practices, and create a safe learning environment. This CHORUS Innovation Fund study, led by Uchenna Ezenwaka at the Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, evaluated the effectiveness and sustainability of a school-based WASH intervention in promoting safe WASH practices in urban slums.

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Ezenwaka, U., Ikeako, K.L. & Onwujekwe, O. Evaluating the outcomes of a school-based intervention on water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in urban slums of Nigeria: a qualitative evaluation based on implementation research outcome frameworks. BMC Public Health (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26644-6